Book News ｜ On the 390th anniversary of Lu Longqi’s birth, The Complete Works of Lu Longqi was first published in Pinghu, Zhejiang.
On December 30th, 2020, on the occasion of the 390th anniversary of Lu Longqi’s birth, the premiere of The Complete Works of Lu Longqi, edited by Tianjie Zhang of Hangzhou Normal University and published by Zhonghua Book Company, was held in Pinghu, Zhejiang.
Lu Longqi’s portrait
Lu Longqi (1630-1693), born in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province, was a famous official, scholar, philosopher and educator in the early Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, he was a scholar. He served as a magistrate in Jiading County of the South of the Yangtze River and Lingshou County of Zhili, and served as a supervisor in Sichuan Road. Scholars called him Mr. Danghu. In the second year of Yongzheng, he worshipped Confucius Temple; In the first year of Qianlong, he was presented to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites.
Launch site
In the first issue, Zhang Jihai, deputy editor-in-chief of Zhonghua Book Company and director of the Ancient Books Publishing Center, pointed out that The Complete Works of Lu Longqi collated various works such as Neo-Confucianism monographs, poetry collections and essays on reading classics, which was the first time in history to systematically and comprehensively sort out Lu Longqi’s surviving documents, which was of great significance to promoting the study of Lu Longqi’s academic thoughts. Professor Tsinghua University, Dean of the National Academy of Chinese Studies and President of the Society of Chinese Philosophy History, Chen Lai, who wrote the Preface for this book, started from the Complete Works of Lu Longqi, emphasizing that the collation and research of Zhu Xi’s related literature in Ming and Qing Dynasties is very valuable and meaningful, and will be an effective growth field for the discipline layout of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. Wu Zhen, a professor at Fudan University and executive vice president of Shanghai Confucianism Institute, believes that The Complete Works of Lu Longqi provides many very important research documents on Zhuzi studies and Four Books studies in the early Qing Dynasty. Punctuation and publication of this book will lead to the climax of Lu Longqi’s research and play a positive role in promoting the study of Zhuzi studies in the early Qing Dynasty.
In the second stage of the launching ceremony, Tianjie Zhang, the editor-in-chief of The Complete Works of Lu Longqi, gave a speech entitled "The Complete Works of Lu Longqi and Innovation and Development", expounding eight characteristics of the complete works.
Complete Works of Lu Longqi
First, the most complete works of Lu Longqi are published by proofreading.
The compilation of the Complete Works of Lu Longqi fully collected the single books of Lu Longqi’s works in past dynasties, the works of Lu Longqi included in Zhengyitang Quanshu and Sikuquanshu, and 103 volumes of Lu Ziquan Shu in Guangxu period. Collate and publish all the works belonging to Lu Longqi’s original works in Lu Ziquan Shu, and replace the Notes of Four Books as the Notes of Four Books in Sikuquanshu, and supplement Lu Longqi’s Chronicle, Jing Lu Qing Bian edited by Xu Renmu, editor of Lu Ziquan Shu, and Jing Lu collected by the editor of Complete Works. All of them are fully punctuated with full punctuation and arranged vertically in traditional ways, which not only presents the complete face of ancient books, but also makes them easy to understand and read. It also provides a solid and reliable basic document for editing in the future, such as Selected Notes on Lu Longqi’s Poems, Selected Reading Notes of Lu Longqi and Selected Stories of Lu Jiashu.
The specific bibliography is: the first and second volumes of "Sanyutang Anthology"; The third volume "Songyang Lecture Notes"; Volumes 4-8, Notes on Four Books; Book 9: Reading Rites and Suspicions, Detoxifying the Poison in the Warring States Policy and Reading Zhu Essays; Book 10 "The Last Words of Sanyutang", "Learning Records" and "Songyang Banknotes"; Volume 11 Diary of Sanyutang; Book 12 "The Maxim of Governing Jia" and "Lu Jiashu’s Judgment"; The thirteenth volume "Lu Longqi Chronicle"; Fourteenth and fifteenth volumes of Jing Lu-fang’s Compilation and Supplement to Jing Lu-fang’s Compilation.
Second, choose the most sophisticated version as the copy.
Because Lu Longqi’s works involve a lot of Lv Liuliang, many versions were deleted and many articles were destroyed due to the literary inquisition after Yongzheng. Therefore, this time, the editions of Sanyutang Anthology, Songyang Lectures, Four Books Lectures, and Reading Zhu Essays were selected as the base edition, so that readers can see many banned articles and avoid the mistakes of later generations. For example, "Songyang Lecture Notes" is based on the publication of Pinghu Lushi Tiandetang in the 29th year of Kangxi, which is now in the National Library. The first three volumes of this book retain more than 30 annotations by revisers, which is extremely precious. The Collected Works of Sanyutang is based on Jia Hall and Qinchuan Bookstore, which have been published for 40 years in Kangxi, thus making articles such as "A Tribute to Mr. Lu Wancun" reserved. At the same time, it takes Lu Zi Quan Shu and Si Ku Quan Shu as the school-based and absorbs the collation essence of Xu Renmu and other editors.
Third, the significance of studying the history of Confucianism and the history of Zhu Xi’s studies.
Lu Longqi was an important representative of respecting Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism and advocating Yangming’s Mind in the early Qing Dynasty, and enjoyed the reputation of "Confucianism is the first, and it is an important place to preach". He believes that the rise and fall of academic right and wrong is related to the survival of the country, and only "right and wrong are academic, people’s hearts are just and customs are pure." Lu Longqi and the famous Neo-Confucianism scholar Lu Shiyi are also called "Erlu". Lu Longqi’s works included in The Complete Works, such as Academic Discrimination, Taiji Theory and Li Qi Theory in the Collected Works, all made important inventions to Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism. There is also "Reading Zhu’s Essays", which is a rare reading note of "Zhu Zi’s Complete Works" one by one, and makes an analysis of Zhu Zi’s thoughts, similarities and differences. Another example is the book "The Remaining Words of Sanyutang". One to four volumes all say the Five Classics; The five volumes and six volumes all talk about the Four Books, with several articles attached, such as Illustration of Taiji, Near Thinking and Primary School. Seven volumes and eight volumes all talk about the gains and losses of Confucianism; The nine volumes to the twelve volumes all talk about miscellaneous things between children and history, which shows that Lu Longqi has learned a lot.
Fourth, the significance of the study of the Four Books
Lu Longqi wrote three famous books about Four Books, two of which, Songyang Lecture Notes and Four Books Lecture Notes, were included in Sikuquanshu, and these two books were collated, accounting for nearly half of the complete works. Ji Yun and other scholars praised Lu Longqi’s research on Zhu Xi’s Notes on the Four Books, which collected the essence of the relevant works of the Four Books since the late Ming Dynasty, and made a detailed textual research. It was helpful for future generations to learn the essence of the Four Books, by clarifying the differences between themselves and others, opposing utilitarian habits and advocating practical learning and implementation. These two books have had a far-reaching influence since the Qing Dynasty, even in Japan and South Korea.
Five, the concept of "clean" and "no litigation" related literature
Lu Longqi’s Neo-Confucianism thought is also reflected in the way of being an official. He was deeply loved by the people when he took office in Jiading County. When he was dismissed, he only had a few volumes of books, a lady’s loom, and the literati tied the knot and lit candles to send them to each other, carving the gods to build an ancestral temple, which was known as "Lu Jiading". The Complete Works contains forty-nine judgments of Lu Jiashu, which, together with the judgments of Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Yu Chenglong, are called "ten famous judgments of Qing Dynasty". These judgments can be combined with the notes in Sanyutang Anthology, or with the biographies and lines collected in Lu Longqi’s Chronicle or Jing Luyi’s Compilation. Many of Lu Longqi’s judgments have practiced the concept of "no litigation", which is "moving with emotion, understanding with reason, using metaphor with law, and being extremely good at influencing", and have become a case study of the national political and legal system, which has affected the social governance of Pinghu so far. The work law of "no litigation" has become a model for the modernization of social governance in the new era of the country. The most quoted sentence is a wonderful sentence for brothers to compete for property. Lu Longqi did not ask about the merits, but asked them to call each other’s brother and brother. "Before fifty times, each of them was in tears", which is considered to be a typical example of Confucian education in litigation.
6. Family Letters, Family Instructions and Confucian Educational Thought
The Collected Works of Sanyutang in the Complete Works contains dozens of home letters written by Lu Longqi to his son, Xun and other family members, earnestly warning children about various matters that should be paid attention to in reading and making friends. There are also 175 aphorisms and aphorisms about family management and personal self-cultivation in the Maxim of Governing Jia (also known as "The Custom of Training Jia"). The book aims to make people become common customs, covering a wide range of aspects, such as teaching children, self-cultivation, living, managing the family, struggling to learn, studying as a teacher, getting married, making friends, keeping in good health, and being a politician. These two kinds of documents can be nuanced, cordial and touching, which are important references for us to study Confucian educational thoughts and advocate good family style tutoring in modern society.
Seven, Jiading, Lingshou local literature and the twenty-year diary related to the Kangxi Dynasty.
Lu Longqi’s works, such as Collected Works of Sanyutang and Remains of Lijia, especially Lu Longqi’s numerous lectures and letters, contain a large number of local cultural materials such as Pinghu, Jiading and Lingshou, as well as aphorisms and examples of social governance, which reflect the interaction between Confucianism and social politics in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and reflect his thoughts on how to deal with the problems of the times. In particular, Lu Longqi’s Diary of Sanyutang recorded his daily experiences and hearing in the Kangxi Dynasty for more than 20 years, such as road mileage, current situation, interpersonal communication, friends’ comments, reading notes, etc., as well as his contacts with Wei Xiangshu, Xu Qianxue, Li Guangdi, Zhu Yizun, Cao Rong, Tang Bin, Zhang Lie and Wan Sitong, which reflected in detail many aspects of social and cultural life in the early Qing Dynasty and was also an important document for historical research in the early Qing Dynasty.
Eight, a compilation of documents about Lu Longqi’s research.
Xu Renmu’s Compilation of Jing Lu Yong and Tianjie Zhang’s Compilation of Jing Lu Yong’s Supplement, etc., put all kinds of documents about Lu Longqi’s biography, behavior, chronology, suicide note, lineage, ancestral tombs, disciples and so on since the Qing Dynasty, such as the fact book of worshipping famous officials in Jiading County, the remains of Li Jia and the eight things of practicing Sichuan’s legacy. Records about ancestral temples built in Jiaxing, Pinghu, Jiading, Lingshou, Baoshan and Jinshan to commemorate Lu and Pinghu cemetery; Epitaphs written by Yang Changjun, Chang An and Peng Qifeng and epitaphs written by Chen Tingjing; Wei Xiangshu, Qiu Zhaoao, Li Guangdi and others presented poems, while Ruan Yuan and Zeng Guofan inscribed poems. In addition to supplementing Lu Longqi’s legacy and biography, The Supplement to Jing Luzhen also contains more than ten poems related to his uncle Lu Yi, as well as the Index of Lu Longqi’s Research Works and the concise Chronology of Lu Longqi. The materials in various biographies and notes of Qing Dynasty collected in Jing Lu Ren Bian and Jing Lu Ren Bian Supplement are the sources of various versions of "Lu Jiashu Stories". By comparing and textual research, we can get to the root of these stories and better publicize them.