To deepen reform and explore structural potential (everyone writes)

　　At the celebration meeting of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must adhere to development as the last word, persist in daring to try and be the first, and lead the breakthrough of reform by breaking the ice with ideas." No matter from what angle, China’s economic development over the past 40 years of reform and opening up is a miracle. There are many experiences behind this economic miracle, and the continuous breakthrough of reform is one of them.

　　The world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years. On the one hand, with the deepening of economic globalization, the economic interests of all countries are unprecedentedly close, developing countries rise in groups, and the world economic structure has undergone great changes; On the other hand, the international environment is becoming more and more complex, the instability and uncertainty are obviously increasing, the COVID-19 epidemic has a far-reaching impact, economic globalization is facing a countercurrent, and the world has entered a period of turbulent change, so the call for improving a more just and reasonable global economic governance system is growing.

　　In this context, the development of China is facing double challenges: it is necessary to solve the unique problems of the transition from the middle-income stage to the high-income stage and rank among the moderately developed countries in the future; At the same time, we must effectively cope with the great changes that have never happened in the world in a hundred years, and promote the healthy development of economic globalization while realizing our own development. The reform in the "14th Five-Year Plan" period needs to break through the pressure of these challenges and promote the development with higher quality, efficiency, fairness, sustainability and security.

　　At present, China still has considerable structural potential to be released. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to focus on exploring the structural potential matching with medium and high-speed growth and improving the quality of economic development. Taking the development of metropolitan area and urban agglomeration as the leading factor and giving full play to its agglomeration effect will open up new space for high-quality development. Filling the shortcomings in the national economic cycle will further release the growth potential. The first is to fill the shortcomings of inefficient basic industries. In view of the fact that there are still administrative monopoly problems in basic industries to varying degrees, accelerating the marketization of competitive links is conducive to giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, giving better play to the role of the government and continuously reducing economic operating costs. The second is to fill the shortcomings that the proportion of middle-income groups is not high enough. Although China already has the largest middle-income group in the world, there is still much room for improvement in the proportion of middle-income groups in the total population. Expanding middle-income groups is conducive to expanding demand, especially consumer demand, and improving the level of human capital in China. The third is to fill the shortcomings with weak basic research and development capabilities. Only by filling this short board can we effectively solve the "stuck neck" problem of key core technologies and lay a solid foundation for building an innovative country. Digital economy and green development are new potentials for global economic growth, and China has certain advantages in these two aspects. Unleashing the potential of digital economy and green development will inject strong impetus into the high-quality development of China’s economy.

　　At the same time, we should see that the release of these structural potentials is still bound by some institutional and institutional problems to varying degrees, and these potentials need to be transformed into real productive forces through more vigorous reform and opening-up measures. First, accelerate the reform of rural land system, promote the entry of rural collective management construction land into the market, and explore effective ways to realize the separation of ownership, qualification and use rights of homestead; Second, respect the market signal of population movement, improve spatial planning and urban planning, and promote the reform of public resource allocation; The third is to promote the market-oriented reform of competitive links in energy, railways, telecommunications, public utilities and other industries, further relax access restrictions and promote market competition; Fourth, accelerate the equalization of basic public services and narrow the gap between urban and rural regional development and the gap between residents’ living standards; Fifth, develop high-level research universities, deepen the reform in the field of basic research, and stimulate the innovation vitality of talents; Sixth, promote the construction of a high-standard market system through institutional opening such as rules, and take more forward-looking measures to expand opening up; Wait a minute.

　　(This article is the preface to the book "Understanding the 14th Five-Year Plan: Reform Agenda under the New Development Pattern" edited by the author, and this edition has been abridged.)